Human rights in Turkey and United Kingdom Research Proposal

Human rights in Turkey and United Kingdom - Research Proposal Example The intention of this study is human right that covers thousands of years of religious, cultural, legal and philosophical developments of history. Many ancient documents philosophies and religious texts included concepts that can be considered as human rights of those times. For example, the Edicts of Ashoka given by Ashoka the Great of India, the Constitution of Medina in 622 A.D., issued by Mohammad. One of the most significant historical documents is the English Magna Carta of 1215. Modern interpretation of human rights is significantly influenced by the various historical documents that lay considerable importance on human rights. Many events led to the formation of the philosophy of human rights. The British Bill of 1689 made many harsh governmental acts illegal in the United Kingdom. Two other important events were when the United States and France adopted the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen respectively, both these revolutions established certain legal rights. These events were followed by many philosophers such as Thomas Paine, Hegel and William Lloyd contributing to the development of the philosophy of human rights. The term ‘human rights’ came into use sometime between Thomas Paine’s The Rights of Man and Lloyds writings in The Liberator. In North America and Western Europe many labor unions worked towards making labor laws, regulating or forbidding child labor, the right to strike and the like. National liberation movements, like Mahatma Gandhi's independence movement in India, proved successful in driving out colonial rule. The women's right movement was successful in getting women the right to vote. Among other movements were the civil rights movement and movements on behalf of women and minorities. The foundations of the International Humanitarian Law were laid by the establishment of the Red Cross, the Geneva Conventions and the Lieber Code in 1864. This set the stage for further development of human rights after the two

The Go-Between Essay Example for Free

The Go-Between Essay The short story †The Go-Between† is written by Ali Smith in 2009, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the United Nations’ adoption of the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights†. The declaration consists of thirty rights, which symbolise all the rights we, as human beings, should be obligated to have. Smith has found her inspiration in Article 13, the right to freedom of movement. The story takes place in Morocco in North Africa, and partly in Europe. Throughout the story, we follow a 33-year-old man – who is the protagonist. We never hear the name of this man, but he speaks of himself as â€Å"Professor me†. Our main character is a so-called â€Å"border crosser† – he helps refugees cross the border between Morocco and Spain – and he is also a â€Å"messenger† between the refugees in Morocco and the French Doctors in Spain – you could call him the â€Å"go-between†. He helps the French doctors heal all the wounded people; a man whose legs had been broken under a train, a woman who had been raped and a little boy who was dying – all mentioned to make the reader sympathize even more for these people. He is a former microbiologist and has worked in a university – this shows that he has gained a lot of knowledge and is indeed a clever man. His education is what has enabled him to get help to those who need it once they cross the border, by being able to speak the language of the French doctor, who he says can be Italian, Spanish, French, English; he says â€Å"I speak these and also some others†. (p. 2, l. 32) He describes his physical self with the following characteristics â€Å"I’m a small, slight man. I’m not a big man. I’m lean and slight†. (p. 4, l. 120) I think he is describing his physical self in this way because it humanizes him. The reader may begin to think that he is some kind of super hero, helping all of these refugees cross- but he is just a normal person, doing what he can to help. The 33-year-old man is definitely a very â€Å"Determined Professor Me†, when it comes to helping people across or under the border as he is willing to go as far as losing the top of his ear as well as his 3rd finger. Despite the fact that it is dangerous to cross the border, our main character jokes about it; â€Å"I lost the top part of my ear on the fence. The top part of my ear is in Europe†. (p. 1, l. 3) This makes him seem quite like The Joker, but despite his jokes, he is actually quite scared of losing more body parts, which is shown in the nightmares he gets, when he sleeps. It is very obvious that the story is meant to show how horrible refugees used to be treated. If we read between the lines, we can tell that the main character has had a rough past. As a â€Å"Go-between†, not only has he seen, but also experienced horrible thing. â€Å"They slashed the tents so they were useless when it rained. They burned the blankets () they took all the food. They collected up some of the people from the camp when they went into the bush to get food, and drove them to the desert in a truck, and left them there.† (p. 2, l. 54 – 58) I believe this is one of the reasons why the main character is so passionate about helping people – he wants to stand up against the police, and this is his way of doing so – regardless to his own feelings about Europe of course. Despite his hate towards the police, he still dreams about Europe – about â€Å"walking down the big streets of Madrid with their fine stately buildings†. (p. 4, l. 112) Not only in this section, but also throughout the whole story, the main character shares his passion and confusion for Europe. â€Å"You see those lights across the bay? That’s Europe! You see that fence? The other side of it is Europe.†. (p. 1, l. 2) For him, Europe is a symbol of freedom, hope, greatness and possibilities. And yet, he would still like to back to where he came from, but he can’t. â€Å"My blindness is for whats behind me, I would like to go back. I want to go back. But I have to go forward. I can’t go back. Backs not possible for me. (p. 3, l. 74 – 76) – perhaps going back isn’t possible for him anymore, because he has nothing to go back to. Nothing except a shirt, the Cameroon team colors! It seems like the fence – and helping refugees cross it, is the only thing he has left. In the end, when he’s finally on the Spanish side of the border, he just stays very close to the fence, instead of getting as far away as possible; to maintain the â€Å"connection† he has with the fence. He’s also trying to hide his previous self, so nobody will notice him when he walks down the street, so he keep his ears covered and his hand folded so that no one will notice the loss in it: â€Å"I wear my hat down over my ears. I keep my hand folded so no one sees the loss in it.† (p. 4, l. 124 – 125) The story is a written in a first person point of view and the go-between is the narrator. The story is told in a very special way – and it can be read two different ways. Either the narrator is telling the reader about his experiences as a border crosser like a conversation. E.g. I was telling you about.. (p. 3, l. 81) Or he has simply gone insane from all the horrors he has seen, and is talking to himself – he also repeats his words quite often; â€Å"we had our own law system, and our own police. We had our own police!. (p. 2, l. 60) It is very confusing for the reader, because it almost seems like it’s his stream of thoughts we read, because they are very unstructured and messy. The story definitely shows how tough the conditions were for the refugees, before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We are told how cruel and unfair the refugees were treated, and how dangerous and literally life threatening their everyday life could be. We also get an insight of the inhumanity that were shown to those who tried to â€Å"escape† their unsafe homes. Moreover, the author outlines the importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. All humans are born free and equal, and they should be treated so. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is probably one of the most important documents ever written, in my opinion. This story is not only a fight, but also a piece of history, written to ensure basic human dignity. Ali Smith uses humour throughout the story, to illustrate the cruelty of the borders – they way humour and irony is used in the story, will for sure leave a smile on your face.

Hackers and the Internet :: Cyberspace Essays

Hackers and the Internet Internet Security covers a broad list of topics. I have chosen to cover hackers and their history. I will go through who hackers are and how we define hackers. I will also cover the history of how hackers got started. This was a very interesting topic and may surprise a lot of people who have had misconceptions of what hackers do due to how the are covered by the media. In the 1960’s at MIT a group of curious students, members of the Tech Model Railroad Club, decided to hack into the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab. At this time hackers were encouraged to explore and were not considered malicious like the hackers the media portrays today. These groups of students were allowed access to the MIT AI Lab by the lab’s director Marvin Minsky. In the 1970’s a trend started with phone hacking. Phreaks exploit phone systems to make free long distance calls. One famous phreak is John Draper, also known as â€Å"Captain Crunch†, made long distance calls for free by blowing a certain tone in a telephone. This tone opened a line on the phone system and he was able to make long distance calls for free. Two names that everyone is familiar with are Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; these two gentlemen founded Apple Computer. However, what a lot of people did not know is that they were members of Homebrew Computer Club. While being members of this club they began making â€Å"blue boxes†, which are devices used to help phreaks access phone systems. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak had handles that they were known by and they were â€Å"Berkley Blue† and â€Å"Oak Toebark†. By the late 1980’s computer hacking had grown so much that a magazine was formed called 2600: The Hacker Quarterly. This magazine shares tips on phone and computer hacking. The government responds to this growth by passing the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and forming the Computer Emergency Response Team. This gives the government more authority in tracking wily hackers. This about the same time that the Media did a lot of coverage on Kevin Mitnik, a well known computer hacker who was convicted of stealing software and was sentenced to one year in prison. By the 1990 the instances were computers were hacked grew exponentially.

Character Analysis of Macbeth

In the play we can easily see that Macbeth is driven by ambition and later on in the play tortured by his regrets which manifest a great deal of inner conflicts seen in his soliloquies. Macbeth is a man dominated by a strong moral sense, a man who has a profoundly sensitive conscience and who knows at each stage the moral consequences of committing murder Macbeth at the beginning of the play is mentally stable and a good man but due to certain influences (supernatural and normal) and his own flaw being his †vaulting ambition†. His values and his better aspects begin to dwindle under his growing desire for power. Macbeth is an example of a normal man that has done a monstrous deed and from this deed giving rise to regret and paranoia, signalling his decline which eventually led to his tragic downfall. There are many redeeming qualities of his character and Macbeth is essentially a good man but ultimately is the architect of his undoing. At the beginning of the play he is first qualities are introduce to us by the bleeding captain explaining his heroic performance and valour shown on the battle. He is described as †great† and †valour's minion† which shows that he is very willing to serve his king and country and strives to help Scotland to the best of his abilities and all these merits gained during his battles help his ambition to grow. ‘I have no spur' he states, ‘to prick the sides of my intention, but only vaulting ambition' this clarifies that he is very ambitious almost to the point that it might harm his own interests in the future which inevitably happens leading to his downfall. Another good example of his unstable ambition is when the three weird sisters begin to address him with title such as †Thane of Cawdor† and tell him that he †shall be King hereafter† following this we very quickly see his interest in these equivocal prophecies †stay you imperfect speakers† , this conveys that maybe he thinks he could attain these titles and from this it is evident his ambition will try to do everything in its ability to strive for this greatness and promised glory even though the witches had explained nothing else making it clear that his ambition is also blind. His ambition is so great he acts on the words of strangers that he has never met before and becomes ‘rapt' in a world cut off from others which is evident in his soliloquies where in each he equivocates within himself about what is good and evil which both fight for mastery over him and this ‘evil' and his ambition seem to go hand in hand throughout the play and causes him to do things he regrets which build up and becomes ‘a dagger of the mind' and we see throughout the play the damage being dealt to his moral being. Another example of his blind ambition would be witnessed in Act 1 scene 7 when Lady Macbeth questions his bravery and insinuates that he is a †coward† but Macbeth is adamant that he should prove himself a man regardless of what he is actually about to do which shows he is ambitious to impress others. Another last example of his ambition his with his goal to see the whole situation through and says †I am in blood stepped in so far that, should I wade no more† and that †returning were as tedious as go'er . † This shows he is eager to see through what he had started till the end. Macbeth's ambition has become dehumanised and will also end himself. Aside from Macbeth's ambition we also witness in times of his self doubt when his rational mind and conscience starts to extinguish his ambition, the bad influences from many different sources seem to slowly dissolve his better qualities and set him back on the road to moral decline and his doom. Initially the witches are the first to influence him, telling him he will be promised power and glory but never say he should act on or actually do anything at all but non-the-less kick start his decline. Later on in the play when he reencounters the witches again they show him three apparitions one of which explain that he should †Beware Macduff† which influence him to order the killing of Macduff and his family which clearly shows how heavily influential these weird sisters are with regards to Macbeth acting on the prophecies with such unfaltering hastiness. The next influence and I think is one of the more dominant influences in the play his Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth gave herself the responsibility to influence Macbeth and act when he wouldn't (which she never appears to do), calls upon the darkness and †spirits that tend on mortal thoughts† to instil her with masculine features as to aid Macbeth in is goal for power. The first example of her influencing Macbeth is in Act 1 Scene 5 she explains how he should †Look like the time† and †bear welcome† in his eyes during the banquet that the King Duncan is to at their home and to †look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under't† as in an effort to deceive The king to knowing where their true intention lie. This example of her influence is much softer in contrast to Act 1 Scene 7 which is a much harsher brand of influence. During the scene Macbeth states he †will proceed no further† in their plans and the King †hath honoured him of late† to which Lady Macbeth snaps at him saying †was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself† implying he was only brave whilst inebriated and also asks him if he would rather live like †a coward† then to carry on with the plans he first begun. This is a blow to Macbeth's manhood with regards to him being a coward and says he would do anything that will prove his masculinity. These attacks on her husband manhood is the device she uses to influence him because she knows that Macbeth and most warriors of his time put most of their effort into being the greater man and such insults drive Macbeth to act without question especially when he feels his manhood is in question. Another factor in the play that influences Macbeths which manifested from his monstrous deed is his paranoia. The first signs of this paranoia is evident in act when he states †to be thus is nothing but to be safely thus†. This shows that he feels unsafe and that unless you are safe you are nothing and now he is influenced to destroy anything which might jeopardize his safety and the first obstacle being Banquo. Reasons such as †his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared† and Macbeth states his mind is full of scorpions and his life is filled with ‘terrible dreams/That shake us nightly', following these thoughts he quickly and subtly organises the killing of Banquo by means of hiring assassins. This action is a major step in Macbeth's moral fibre due to the reason that Banquo was originally his most trusted friend and ally and the evidence he is beginning to use murder as a tool to solve most of his issues and concludes with himself that it is the only solution to his problems. There are also signs of the influence of jealousy with regards to when Banquo was told during the first encounter with the witches that he would †have kings but be none† and Macbeth realises that upon his head he now has †a fruitless crown† and †a barren sceptre† in his grip which angers him by the knowledge that his sons (if he ever has any) will never be air to the throne, this being another reason to murder Banquo. With regards to the influencing factors we see that at the beginning of the play Macbeth is mainly intervened by external forces influence but as the play proceeds slowly he withdraws from his wife and friends due to again his paranoia and becomes more fuelled by his emotions, the predominant emotions being fear and jealousy. Macbeths regret in the play with regards to the murder and following murders is one of the more important issues to mention, regret being the catalyst in which his characters morality and mental stability are remoulded by traumatic experience and long term symptoms of his guilt. The first obvious example of his regret is scene when he attempts to opt out of the plans of murder and conveys that he feels guilty for any of these nefarious plans even crossing his mind but at this moment in the play he is not tortured by his guilt or regret obviously until he actually commits the crime but until then and right up until he is about to murder the king he is more greatly affected by anxiousness to the extent that he hallucinates. After the murder has been committed he is very obviously traumatised and is paralyzed, unable to move due to his mind being completely occupied with what has happened. The damage dealt is clear when he says that he heard a voice cry †Macbeth hath murdered the innocent sleep† which shows the beginning of his restless nights which is the first harsh blow to his mental health. Also in this scene Macbeth talks about the blood on his hands as if it is a metaphor for the guilt and in contrast to Lady Macbeth saying †a little water clears us of this deed† make replies that not even all the waters of †Neptune's oceans† could not wash away this blood or guilt from his hands. We can see his guilt and regret build up and burst out as witnessed in the banquet scene where Banquo's ghost appears only to him and a mental breakdown takes place with moments of Macbeth almost unconsciously confesses the details of his to murders in the presence of lords to which the pressurised Lady Macbeth desperately tries to disguise. This ghost Macbeth is seeing in my opinion is not real but a complete manifestation of his guilt and regret and his better side subconsciously is trying to give himself up an attempt to save his ‘damned' soul, with regards to the quote where he states he would †jump the life to come † meaning he is aware he will be punished in the afterlife. In Act 5 scene 3 we see that regret and guilt has affected to the extent that he nearly loses the will to live and feels that live is void of meaning †I have lived long enough: my way of life is fall'n into the sere, the yellow leaf† he also realises that his poor decisions have bereaved him of things that would have originally accompanied his old age such as †honour, love, obedience† and †troops of friends† none of which he shall have to look forward to in his future. This indicates he is very regretful of almost everything he has done right back to the killing of Duncan. Throughout the course of the play Shakespeare weaves into the storyline small respites in which Macbeth's slowly declining character shows moments that magnifies what is left of the qualities that redeem slightly in the audiences perspective and shows them he has not completely transformed in this remorseless †tyrant† but is still just a man that has performed a monstrous act. The first example of these redeeming qualities is in Act 1 scene 7 where he says he †will proceed no further in this business† and acknowledges that king Duncan †hath honoured† him recently for his bravery in almost single-handedly ending the battle in the opening scenes of the play. At this point we see he has a good moral sense and instilled with the highly valued qualities such as respect and honour but Lady Macbeth succeeds in convincing him otherwise diminishing and muting these values in him. Throughout the play, we constantly see that Macbeth has a conscience towards his actions and does always have a general sense of right and wrong. . Conscience is exhibited after he kills Duncan but can't stand to look at the body. †I am afraid to think what I have done; look on't again I dare not†. This lets us see that after Macbeth killed Duncan his conscience will not let him look at what he has done. He also realized what he had done could not be changed and it will affect him for the rest of his natural life. Macbeth understands that he is marked for life and this realization in itself one of his redeeming qualities. Another minor example of a redeeming quality is that Macbeth †is too full o'th'milk of human kindness† and that he is†art not without ambition† but has the absence of †the illness† being ruthlessness. Back to the issue addressing his conscience with regards to it being a redeeming quality that is fighting a losing battle against the rest of the conflict within him. We witness many times his conscience trying to override his normal behaviour. Macbeth's conscience creates the ghost of Banquo in an attempt to make him subconsciously confess to the murders which make us realise he is very sorry for what he has done which redeems him slightly through sympathy. One last sign of redeeming qualities is neat the end of the play where he stares in the face of death. He contemplates suicide by falling on his own sword as †Romans† used to do but even though he knows he has no one on his side he will fight to the end and die an honourable death showing his original bravery which he once used to fight for his country which reminds us that he was once a great hero. To conclude Macbeth is a tragic hero. A man with an ambitious but a victim of temptation and the pseudo prophecies of his rise to power which seemed so close at the time was actual the beginning of Macbeth's change from hero to tyrant. He was used as a vessel for chaos by the witches to plant their ideas of power into a fertile mind which was nurtured by his blind ambition which grew into an unstable mind tormented by regret and guilt.

Doing Business in the U.K. Essay

Business Etiquette UKThe United Kingdom (UK) is comprised of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important not only to be aware of these geographical distinctions but also the strong sense of identity and nationalism felt by the populations of these four countries. The terms ‘English’ and ‘British’ are not interchangeable. ‘British’ denotes someone who is from England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. ‘English’ refers to people from England. People from Scotland are referred to as ‘Scots’. People from England are not likely to take offence at being called â€Å"English†, whereas a Welsh, Scots, or Northern Irish person will. Cultural Diversity Formerly a very homogenous society, since World War II, Britain has become increasingly diverse as it has accommodated large immigrant populations. The mixture of ethnic groups and cultures make it difficult to define British as looking or acting in one particular manner. People may sound British and retain the cultural heritage of their forefathers while others may become more British than someone who can trace his/her lineage to the 5th century. The fact that the nation’s favourite dish is now a curry sums up the cultural mish-mash that is modern day Britain. Doing business in the UK The British are rather formal. Many from the older generation still prefer to work with people and companies they know or who are known to their associates. Younger businesspeople do not need long-standing personal relationships before they do business with people and do not require an intermediary to make business introductions. Nonetheless, networking and relationship building are often key to long-term business success. Rank is respected and businesspeople prefer to deal with people at their level. If at all possible, include an elder statesman on your team as he/she will present the aura of authority that is necessary to good business relationships in many companies. British communication styles The British have an interesting mix of communication styles encompassing both understatement and direct communication. Many older businesspeople or those from the ‘upper class’ rely heavily upon formal use of established protocol. Most British are masters of understatement and do not use effusive language. If anything, they have a marked tendency to qualify their statements with such as ‘perhaps’ or ‘it could be’. When communicating with people they see as equal to themselves in rank or class, the British are direct, but modest. If communicating with someone they know well, their style may be more informal, although they will still be reserved. Business meetings Punctuality is a very British trait. It is especially important in business situations. In most cases, the people you are meeting will be on time. Always call if you will be even 5 minutes later than agreed. If you are kept waiting a few minutes, do not make an issue of it. How meetings are conducted is often determined by the composition of people attending. If everyone is at the same level, there is generally a free flow of ideas and opinions. If there is a senior ranking person in the room, that person will do most of the speaking. In general, meetings will be rather formal and always have a clearly defined purpose, which may include an agenda. There will be a brief amount of small talk before getting down to the business at hand. If you make a presentation, avoid making exaggerated claims. Make certain your presentation and any materials provided appear professional and well thought out. Be prepared to back up your claims with facts and figures. The British rely on facts, rather than emotions, to make decisions. Maintain eye contact and a few feet of personal space. After a meeting, send a letter summarising what was decided and the next steps to be taken. Basic British Etiquette Tips: Business Dress * Business attire is conservative. * Men should wear a dark coloured, conservative business suit. * Women should wear either a business suit or a conservative dress. Greetings * Shake hands with everyone at a meeting upon arrival. * Maintain eye contact during the greeting. Titles * Only medical doctors and the clergy use their professional or academic titles in business. * Most people use the courtesy titles or Mr, Mrs or Miss and their surname. (Mr and Mrs are words in the United Kingdom and do not require a period after them as they are not abbreviations.) * If someone has been knighted, they are called ‘Sir’ followed by their first and surnames or ‘Sir’ followed simply by their first name. * Wait until invited before moving to a first-name basis. People under the age of 35 may make this move more rapidly than older British. Business Cards * Business cards are exchanged at the initial introduction without formal ritual. * The business card may be put away with only a cursory glance. Business Gifts * Business gift giving is not part of the business culture. * If you choose to give a gift, make certain it is small and tasteful. * Good gifts include desk accessories, a paperweight with your company logo, or a book about your home country. * Inviting someone out for a meal can be viewed as a gift. http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-uk.html http://books.google.com.my/books?id=1ccPcVjaRGMC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=how+to+bargain+with+britain&source=bl&ots=FB64L7Wk6F&sig=6QVjUrzk4AcQ2OuUezZuyL64Mlw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2kALUeu0BcKPrgfjooH4Cw&ved=0CHAQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=british&f=false

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay part 3Essay Writing Service

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay part 3Essay Writing Service Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay part 3 Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay part 3Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay   part 2Life after caregivingCaregiving provided to the elderly people factually comes to an end with their death. As it argued by multiple experts, in this case, human response to bereavement is characterized by the particularly multidimensional range of feelings, thoughts and behavior, while the most strong of them are grief and sadness (Holstein et al., 2010; Bialon Coke, 2012; Brannen Petite, 2008; Lai, 2010). Other reactions may include yearning and longing for the deceased, shock, hallucinations, anger, guilt, depression, health problems, irritability, mixed with feelings of relief and hope, as well as a sense of meaninglessness of existence. The latter is associated by psychologists with the facts that with the loss of a loved one, a grieving person often feels the loss of one’s own Self (Bialon Coke, 2012). Previously making sense of their lives in caring for elderly husband or parents, caregivers now lose the object of care, i.e. their raison dà ªtre, since all of their interests have for long years been focused on that person only. According to Brannen and Petite (2008) study, this problem is more often faced by women than men.The experience of bereavement generally leads to the deterioration of physical and mental health. Thus, for instance, studies confirmed the existence of the increased risk of mortality among the surviving elderly members of the couple as compared to people of the same age still having their spouses to care about. According to The National Alliance for Caregiving (2009), the highest relative risk of mortality among the elderly people accounts for the period from 7 to 12 months after the death of a spouse. Morbidity rates are largely associated with psychiatric disorders in the elderly, particularly depression and various anxiety states. It is well validated in that the grieving patients often turn to their physi cians with vague somatic complaints without obvious features of any disease, and the duration of these symptoms manifestation can range from 1 to 3 years. Studies have shown that in 30% of widowed elderly people, depressive symptoms start manifesting in a month after spouse’s death, in 25% in 2-7 months, and in 15% in 13 months after the loss (The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009). The observations over bereavement experiences complications in older life have also found increase in the rate of alcohol, tobacco and sedatives addiction, as well as an increase in the level of anxiety and suicidal inclinations.On a whole, grieving after the loss of a care recipient has sufficiently well-defined stages (shock, negation, adoption of a loss, living through pain, relief, and soft repeat all steps), passing through which a caregiver learns to control one’s grief and preserve mental health. Awareness about these stages and progress reached helps caregivers identify possi ble fixedness on one of the stages, and then timely seek professional support if this happens.Resolving conflictsSocial and cultural norms including a bias against older people, tolerance of violence and gender inequality may enhance the magnitude of improper attitude to the elderly and conflicts arising in caregiving. Therefore, the major conflict-resolving policies should be aimed at raising awareness about the different contexts in which stress, misunderstanding, and maltreatment may occur, as well as about different forms they can take.First of all, positive social attitude towards the elderly can be encouraged though creating wide opportunities for meaningful communication between older adults and young people, for example, in the frameworks of various intergenerational programs, exchange with letters or email messages, visiting local nursing homes, participating in social events and games. For instance, Alt et al. (2011) propose the introduction of useful and community project s built on the idea of knowledge exchange between generations, such as gardening in exchange for training in using Internet. Such intergenerational programs aimed at developing respect for the elderly people can start at school. Other effective measures also include targeted public awareness campaigns, describing specific situations and illustrating the implementation of appropriate methods of caregiving. Medical centers preparing caregivers for their role should be accessible nationwide. In their turn, media campaigns should include the use of well-organized means of communicating social advertisement messages billboards with posters, leaflets, publications, websites, stories on television and radio, festivals and other similar events taking place regularly. As a result, every citizen should be aware of one’s duties and rights, be able to perform caregiving tasks, recognize maltreatment, be familiar with conflict resolution models, and know where to go for support if necess ary.In particular, one of the main tasks is the necessity to teach caregivers deal with their stress and frustration, as well as be able to reduce the signs of depression and anxiety states in their elderly care recipients. The most widespread relief methods include art, music and scent therapy (Bialon Coke, 2012). Besides, basing on Brannen and Petite (2008), UNESC, 2012;   Brank and Wylie (2014), the most helpful anti-stress approaches are 1) recognizing that the care recipient is not guilty for the position he/she is found in; 2) living for today; 3) finding out as much as possible about the diseases of the elderly person; 4) reorganizing schedule to leave some free time for oneself; 5) recognizing that there is always someone who finds oneself in worse conditions; 6)being one step ahead of the situation by rational planning; 7) seeking professional help in service providers; and 8) regularly discussing problems with those to trust. Stress, however, is not the only factor that can bring the caregiver to radical conflict manifestations. Most often there is a combination of several factors, including problems with mental or physical health, and emotional distress. Attributing conflict mistreatment by caregivers to stress factor only, factually means creating unjustified prejudice against the needs of the person, and not to protect the person or service itself. Thus, policymakers should adopt an integrated approach that would consider broader contexts of the culture of prejudice against the elderly, long-term domestic violence, family, gender, and intergenerational conflicts.For instance, a meta-analysis by Bialon and Coke (2012) has shown that psychosocial interventions into the caregiving process, like short periods of the recipient’s hospitalization, enable a caregiving adult relax and solve one’s own health issues, as well as significant psychological problems inside family, work relations, and Self. While, according to their report, group psychosocial interventions provide a small positive effect, the survey concluded that individual interventions yield significant positive shifts, especially in conflicts caregivers face after the loss of the objects of care. Still, this is a difficult area for study, involving sensitive data, but several recent researches are promising, though they do not provide distinct results.ConclusionCaregivers play a vital role in supporting elderly family members who experience needs for assistance, especially under conditions of the increasing population aging in the USA. Caregivers’ role involves a rage of moments that bring satisfaction from performing natural duties, but along with that, it sets high demands on them, sometimes making the level of stress and distress among caregivers rise to unprecedented marks. Current research in this field reveals a number of dependencies and tendencies observed among caregivers and care recipients, however, they often focus on one of sides of the problem. In particular, we reckon that further research should be directed at measuring more accurately the interdependencies between caregivers’ and care recipients’ stress levels. Until appropriate mechanisms are deeply studied, medical services have to deal with two patients, suffering from unresolved inner conflict, at a time. It is also necessary to concentrate further efforts on clearly describing the matrix of risk factors that cause conflicts in caregivers and specifying them in a model for conceptualizing reactions of people in this category. At the same time, the reviewed assessment tools that can be more widely used for a more accurate assessment of ways for conflict resolutions in each particular situation. Conflict and maltreatment prevention campaigns are another promising research topic, but further research is needed regarding the practical results of actions undertaken.

Free Essays on My First Semester Of College

My First Semester of College The first semester of college for a young man or women can be a monumental step in their life. In my case it was. It was the first time that I had been away from my home in Ft. Walton Beach, Florida. I was not necessarily scared to be away, but I was a little worried about the transition from the skate free ways of high school that I was very used to. The schoolwork was not the only thing that was on my mind as I made my way into the college atmosphere; I was also thinking about doing things on my own and budgeting my time completely by myself. When the first week of classes started I was still worried, somewhat, of the step I was going to have to make in regards to the quality of work that I was going to have to do in order to pass with decent grades. In high school I had made procrastination an immense part of my life; however, it did not affect me too much. I noticed very quickly that the habit I had developed in high school was going to have to stop immediately or I would find myself back in Ft. Walton in no time at all. Consequently my noticing did not help out too well because I continued to procrastinate throughout the semester and found myself in deep voids that were extremely stressful. English paper after English paper I would be up the night before until three in the morning trying to finish it. If I only had started it a day or two earlier instead of putting it off I would have saved myself a lot of stress. Not only did the schoolwork affect my life, but my personal life was affected as well. My girlfriend and I had been dating for almost a year before I made my way to college. Although it was only an hour difference between us, my girlfriend and I had a lot of trouble adjusting to the time apart. Before I had left her and I had only spent very little time apart from each other. Besides schoolwork taking up a big portion of my time, the... Free Essays on My First Semester Of College Free Essays on My First Semester Of College My First Semester of College The first semester of college for a young man or women can be a monumental step in their life. In my case it was. It was the first time that I had been away from my home in Ft. Walton Beach, Florida. I was not necessarily scared to be away, but I was a little worried about the transition from the skate free ways of high school that I was very used to. The schoolwork was not the only thing that was on my mind as I made my way into the college atmosphere; I was also thinking about doing things on my own and budgeting my time completely by myself. When the first week of classes started I was still worried, somewhat, of the step I was going to have to make in regards to the quality of work that I was going to have to do in order to pass with decent grades. In high school I had made procrastination an immense part of my life; however, it did not affect me too much. I noticed very quickly that the habit I had developed in high school was going to have to stop immediately or I would find myself back in Ft. Walton in no time at all. Consequently my noticing did not help out too well because I continued to procrastinate throughout the semester and found myself in deep voids that were extremely stressful. English paper after English paper I would be up the night before until three in the morning trying to finish it. If I only had started it a day or two earlier instead of putting it off I would have saved myself a lot of stress. Not only did the schoolwork affect my life, but my personal life was affected as well. My girlfriend and I had been dating for almost a year before I made my way to college. Although it was only an hour difference between us, my girlfriend and I had a lot of trouble adjusting to the time apart. Before I had left her and I had only spent very little time apart from each other. Besides schoolwork taking up a big portion of my time, the...

How Do You Calculate SAT Score Raw and Scaled

How Do You Calculate SAT Score Raw and Scaled SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You know your SAT score is important for college admissions and even things like scholarships, but how does your SAT score get calculated? I'll show the steps to calculating your final SAT score so you can get an accurate idea of how well you're doing on the exam. // Step 1: Determine Your Raw Scores Your raw score is simply calculated using the number of questions you answered correctly. // For every question you answer correctly on the SAT, you receive one point. There is no penalty for guessing or skipping. // The maximum possible raw score varies by section (and depends on the total number of questions asked). For example, for the Reading Test, there are 52 questions, so the maximum raw score is 52. If you answered all 52 questions correctly, you would have a raw score of 52. For Math, there are 58 questions. For Writing, there are 44 multiple-choice questions. // There is one essay, which is graded separately on a scale of 2-8 and is not factored into your composite score (your 400-1600 score); therefore, I will not be discussing it further in this article, but for more information, read our articles on the new SAT essay prompts and the SAT essay rubric. // Step 2: Convert the Raw Scores to Scaled Scores The raw score is converted into the scale score (on the 200 to 800 scale for each section) using a table. This table varies by SAT test date. The table is used as a way to make sure each test is â€Å"standardized†. The table is a way of making â€Å"easier† SAT tests equal to the â€Å"harder† SAT tests. For instance, a raw score of 57 in Math might translate to an 800 on one test date and 790 on another. // For Math, you simply convert your raw score to final section score using the table. For the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section score, there is an extra step. You get individual raw scores for the Reading Test and the Writing and Language Test. These two raw scores are the converted into two scaled test scores using a table. The two test scores are then added together and multiplied by 10 to give you your final Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section score (from 200 to 800). I'll explain this more in-depth with examples below: // You cannot know what the raw to scale score conversion will be in advance. While the exact raw to scale score conversion will vary by testing date, the College Board supplies this example chart in their new SAT Practice Test: Raw Score Math Section Score Reading TestScore Writing and Language Test Score 58 800 57 790 56 780 55 760 54 750 53 740 52 730 40 51 710 40 50 700 39 49 690 38 48 680 38 47 670 37 46 670 37 45 660 36 44 650 35 40 43 640 35 39 42 630 34 38 41 620 33 37 40 610 33 36 39 600 32 35 38 600 32 34 37 590 31 34 36 580 31 33 35 570 30 32 34 560 30 32 33 560 29 31 32 550 29 30 31 540 28 30 30 530 28 29 29 520 27 28 28 520 26 28 27 510 26 27 26 500 25 26 25 490 25 26 24 480 24 25 23 480 24 25 22 470 23 24 21 460 23 23 20 450 22 23 19 440 22 22 18 430 21 21 17 420 21 21 16 410 20 20 15 390 20 19 14 380 19 19 13 370 19 18 12 360 19 17 340 17 16 10 330 17 16 9 320 16 15 8 310 15 14 7 290 15 13 6 280 14 13 5 260 13 12 4 240 12 3 230 10 2 210 10 10 1 200 10 10 0 200 10 10 // Note: this is just an example. The exact conversion chart will vary slightly depending on the individual test. Why are Reading and Writing and Language listed as separate sections? Why are they graded from 10-40 instead of 200-800? As I mentioned briefly before, you get separateraw scores for the Reading and Writing and Language. You then take these two raw scores andconvert them into two scale scores using the above table. For example, if you answered 33 correctly in Reading and 39 correctly in Writing and Language, your scale scores would be 29 and 35, respectively. These two scaled scores are then added together and multiplied by 10 to give you your finalEvidence-Based Reading and Writing section score (from 200 to 800). Continuing the above example, if your scale scores were 29 for Reading and 35 for Writing and Language, your final Evidence-Based Reading and Writing scaled score would be: (29 + 35) x 10 = 64 x 10 = 640 Step 3: Take the Scaled Scores and Add Them Together Once you have your scaled score for both the Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing sections, you just add them together to get your overall SAT composite score. For example, if you scored a 710 in Math and 640 in Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, your composite score would be 710+640 = 1350. // How to Understand Your SAT Score Report The College Board gives you the breakdown of your incorrect, correct, and omitted answers on your SAT score report in addition to your final scaled scores. See below excerpts from a real new SAT score report: Note that on this test, the raw Math score was out of 57, not 58, points. This sometimes happens when a question on the test is deemed to be unfair or unanswerable and the SAT drops it from everyone's scoring. For the Reading and Writing and Language sections on this SAT score report, this student’s raw scores were 52 and 42. These raw SAT section scores scaled to section scores of 40 (Reading) and 39 (Writing and Language), which translated to a 790 Evidence-Based Reading Writing Score: (40 + 39) x 10 = 790 I'd like to emphasize that you will not be able to determine what the full table of raw to scaled scores conversion was from your score report. Instead, you will only be able to determine what your raw score was and see how it translated to your scaled score. What This Means for You Once you have determined your target SAT scorein terms of raw score, you can use it to determine your SAT test strategy options.We have plenty of resources to help you out. Once you know what SAT score you're aiming for and how far you are from that goal score, you can begin to develop a study plan, gather study materials, and get to work on raising your score! If You Need Help Creating a Study Plan How to Build an SAT Study Plan How to Cram for the SAT How Long Should You Study for the SAT? If You Need More Study Materials Complete Official SAT Practice Tests The Best SAT Prep Books The Best SAT Prep Websites You Should Be Using If You Want to Raise Your Score The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes for the SAT How to Get an 800 on SAT Reading How to Get an 800 on SAT Math What’s Next? Want to rock the SAT? Check out our complete SAT study guide! Want to find free new 2016 SAT practice tests? Check out our massive collection! Not sure what score to aim for on the new SAT? Read our guide to picking your target score. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dora Seigel About the Author As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Theories of Parenting ( Baumrind, Maslow, Adler and Erikson) Assignment

Theories of Parenting ( Baumrind, Maslow, Adler and Erikson) - Assignment Example This kind of parents demands little attention from their children and make consultations, on principal family matters. This is a wrong step in trying to raise children as the parents normally consult even on insightful matters meant for adults. Permissive parent families give forth to children who are mutinous, impetuous and aggressive with other children. In as much as such children fell part of the family, they have self-esteem, which might drive them to poor performance in schools. Consequently, Baumrind portrays other parent families as authoritative. The family has characteristics of using stringent and positive means of correcting children. Discipline is the key education of children in this family as it uses little punishment methods while considering their feelings and emotional states (King, 2009). Authoritative parents require mature children of independent behavior and limited curiosity. The main principle behind authoritative parents is the fact that the parents value ins trumental and expressive qualities to raise their children. The family gives forth to proficient children at school mainly due to external pressure but not self-esteem. The king of behavior results into low self-esteem and emotional instability often characterize by depression. Closely associated with authoritative parents are the authoritarian parents whose main expectation from their children is obedience. These parents have rules governing their subjected to their children whereby minute misbehavior, are not negotiable. They follow a given social structure with the parent say becoming a law to the children. Such children become obedient in life although characterized by low self-esteem, as they cannot conduct what they desire. Subsequently, uninvolved parents also exist as proposed by Baumrind. These parents get portrayed as rejecting, careless and nonintermittent parents who do not mind what and where their children are at given time. This is due to emotional settings about the children or lack of time. Uninvolved parents give forth to mislead children as they often turn to other people for advice. Consequently, the children are a subject of abuse from outsiders due to the carelessness of the parents (King, 2009). Apart from Baumrind, Maslow is another psychologist who conducted intensive research in parenting. He highlighted various conditions, which if met by parents, they are likely to raise moral children. According to him, there are principal considerations parents need to take into consideration. To start include basic psychological needs like sleep water, food, water, clothing as well as shelter. When the psychological needs are not met, children often, rear away from their normal behavior into other means of realizing such basic needs. Apart from psychological basic needs, esteem needs also raise attention. These include respect from ether sides. Consequently, self-actualization through various standards also becomes a key consideration towards rai sing a strong family. The children should have recognition for reality, autonomist as well as self-evaluation of various phenomena. This is also applicable to parents who must express love, security, belongingness, safety and concern for others. Adler institute is another body, which has conducted diverse research on child parenting to come up with development maturities suitable for competent and efficient parents. Some of the qualities Adler

Marketing Research Proposal for Bell Shakespeare

Marketing for Bell Shakespeare - Research Proposal Example The proposed research will focus on the following problem statement during different stages of the market study: to recognize and understand the stakeholders’ perspectives, essential for an increment in the donor acquisition, optimization of donor retention, and a raised income subsequently. Additionally, the proposed research anticipates comprehensive understanding of attitudes and perception of donors from varying backgrounds related to the working, activities, and objectives of Shakespeare Bell Company. Analysis of the problem indicated that there are three categories of donors: current, lapsed, and prospective. Review of the background of problem further specified that it is now very essential for the company to identify specific needs, perception, and expectations of the donors, in order to continue organizing different programmes and activities in different rural and urban parts of Australia. It is an expectation that the proposed market research will be beneficial for the company, as well as individuals that benefit from different programs of the company. Since centuries, literature, drama, and theatre remained significant contributors in the educational and social development of human society. In specific, William Shakespeare is one of the greatest English writers that endeavored to alter thinking patterns and express his feelings through plays, such as Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, etc that are influencing contemporary writers and scholars until today (Stinson & O’Toole, pp. 44-56, 2009). However, experts have indicated a rapid reduction in the interest of such significant pieces of literature due to a number of factors that inclined people like John Bell (2004) to establish philanthropic organizations like Bell Shakespeare Company (2009). Briefly, promotion of literary works, especially Shakespeare’s is the

Summary and thesis development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary and thesis development - Essay Example As a result, people who frequently watch television shows tend to develop unbalance and unrealistic view of things in the real world. Presenting the ideas of Gerbner, Waters specifically criticises the depiction of characters as well as various ideas in terms of gender, race, sex, health, age, crime and work among other groupings. For example, Waters believes that crime is presented on television in a manner that it appears on the screen over ten times as it is in reality. He argues that presentation of crime on television has high propensity to promote aggression among the viewers. Crime featured in television shows inculcate certain lessons in social sphere by depicting what one person can do to another and go unpunished. While all the representation of characters on television shows are crucial for various reasons, Water’s critique, especially, of the way crime and race are depicted on prime television is very significant and relevant. The big questions are: does Waters’ criticism of crime and race presentation relevant to the modern society? Does it have a bearing on deviant behaviours witnessed in everyday life? Owing to the fact that the modern society is characterised by high crime rates and racially motivated actions, one can agree less that television shows can have a profound influence on the decisions that people make when confronted with certain issues in real life. The show Friday Night Lights is an epitome of a television show that can greatly influence the choices of its lovers. In particular, the episode of season two of the popular television drama features a gruesome murder of a man by a character who is a member of the show’s high school crew. The murderer pulls the trigger in response to an attempted rape on the girl he likes. Afterwards, he conspires with the girl to conceal the body of the victim so as to keep the crime under cover. Landry

Jackson County Judges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jackson County Judges - Essay Example This study requires us to determine the probabilities of a case being appealed and reversed and the results have been tabulated as shown in the results. The judges will then be ranked in the order of their performance. This will be achieved through the application of skills in probability and excel spreadsheets. Based on common pleas, Judge Judith J. Gische was ranked the best as she had the least probabiliy of her cases being appealed or reversed. On the other hand, Judge Richard T. Andrias was ranked the poorest performer at position 16 as he had the highest probability of his cases being appealed or reversed. The Number of judges handling the municipal cases were quite many and Judge Richard T. Andrias was ranked the best among them with the lowest probability of cases being appealed while Judge Angela M. Mazzarelli was ranked as the worst performer at position 20 with the highest probability of cases being either appealed or reversed. We can conclude that the main objective of this study was achieved and the probabilities of each possible outcome were determined and the judges ranked based on their performance. These statistics are of particular importance especially in awarding promotion to judges which will be based on their performance which reflects their decision making capabilities. The best performing judge handling the common pleas was Judge Judith J. Gische, in the domestic courts, judge William E. McCarthy was the best and in the municipal courts, Richard T. Andrias was ranked the best

Human Resource Development and Consultancy Research Proposal

Human Resource Development and Consultancy - Research Proposal Example The model was chosen because it covers the SWOT analysis, A focus on the training on teams for fostering a more participatory organizational culture, Training programs for the HR group Promotion & recruitment within the company, Performance related pay (PRP) & Annual bonus which is related to company performance, Individual Development and feedback, and finally Performance Appraisals. These points were the recommendations made and roles presented of the needs of contemporary Human Resource Development in an organization. The recommendation was adapted from the work of existing scholars such as Kotter, and Gilbreath. The formulation and implementation of a successful corporate strategy for managing global operations according to Bartlett & Ghoshal (1992) and Beatty & Schneider (1997) requires a commensurate strategy for managing international human resources. Schuler et al. (1993) stipulated that, existing human resource frameworks describe policies and practices focused on aligning the strategic initiatives of the organisation and geared towards realizing some social goals of the enterprise. This situation will be complicated further with the current development of global managers while simultaneously managing the tension between integrating global operations and achieving local responsiveness (Schuler et al 1993). Henderson & Clockburn (1995), postulated that, organisations grow with their culture. As the activities of an organisation becomes more global so to should be the culture as the needs of the different stakeholders becomes diversify. Andrews (1997: p. 52) defines corporate strategy as â€Å"the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organisation it is or intends to be and the nature

Jackson County Judges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jackson County Judges - Essay Example This study requires us to determine the probabilities of a case being appealed and reversed and the results have been tabulated as shown in the results. The judges will then be ranked in the order of their performance. This will be achieved through the application of skills in probability and excel spreadsheets. Based on common pleas, Judge Judith J. Gische was ranked the best as she had the least probabiliy of her cases being appealed or reversed. On the other hand, Judge Richard T. Andrias was ranked the poorest performer at position 16 as he had the highest probability of his cases being appealed or reversed. The Number of judges handling the municipal cases were quite many and Judge Richard T. Andrias was ranked the best among them with the lowest probability of cases being appealed while Judge Angela M. Mazzarelli was ranked as the worst performer at position 20 with the highest probability of cases being either appealed or reversed. We can conclude that the main objective of this study was achieved and the probabilities of each possible outcome were determined and the judges ranked based on their performance. These statistics are of particular importance especially in awarding promotion to judges which will be based on their performance which reflects their decision making capabilities. The best performing judge handling the common pleas was Judge Judith J. Gische, in the domestic courts, judge William E. McCarthy was the best and in the municipal courts, Richard T. Andrias was ranked the best

Proposal paper; Claim of policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal paper; Claim of policy - Essay Example â€Å"Contentious Objectors† have no right to claim this status in America today. The United States Armed Forces, every branch, only inducts volunteers. Unlike many foreign countries, Turkey, China, and Israel, where military service is mandatory, the draft is not in effect today in America. Since joining the American military is voluntary, a soldier cannot later claim they did not want to be a soldier. The Iraqi war is not a popular one with American citizens or even Iraqi Veterans. One soldier, Senior Airman Tim Goodrich, even felt compelled to create a website called Iraq Veterans Against the War at http://www.ivaw.org/ (Dahr). Although Tim Goodrich created this site, he served his time in Iraq (Dahr). He is against the war, but felt the need to fulfil his duty. Tim Goodrich did not go AWOL like some of his fellow servicemen. Another soldier has entered politics to protest the war. Tammy Duckworth â€Å"is the only seriously wounded combat veteran running this year for Congress, whose ranks of members with military experience are at their lowest since World War II, according to Congressional Quarterly† (Stone). Creating a website and running for Congress are productive ways of protesting the war, unfortunately not all soldiers protest the war in these healthy ways. Sixty Minutes II reported â€Å"hundreds of American soldiers have broken the law and gone AWOL† since the beginning of the Iraqi war (Rather). These â€Å"Contentious Objectors† are numerous, but on Sixty Minutes II the focus was on Staff Sgt. Camilo Meji (Rather). Staff Sgt. Meji refused to return to Iraq because he felt President Bush and other leaders lied about weapons of mass destruction, but his platoon leader Tad Warfel responded by saying â€Å"His duty’s not to question myself or anybody higher than me,† and â€Å"We’re not paid in the military to form personal opinions or to doubt what our leaders say† (Rather). Both men feel very strongly about their opinions.

Role of Federal Agencies Essay Example for Free

Role of Federal Agencies Essay The threat has reached the point that given enough time, motivation, and funding, a determined adversary will likely be able to penetrate any system that is accessible directly from the Internet. It is difficult to state with confidence that our critical infrastructure—the backbone of our country’s economic prosperity, national security, and public health—will remain unscathed and always be available when needed. The recent security breach by unauthorized intruders into the parent company of NASDAQ is an example of the kind of breaches directed against important financial infrastructure and illustrates the difficulty of determining clear attribution. As we would in response to any such breach, the FBI is working to identify the scope of the intrusion and assist the victim in the remediation process. The FBI has identified the most significant cyber threats to our nation as those with high intent and high capability to inflict damage or death in the U.S., to illicitly acquire assets, or to illegally obtain sensitive or classified U.S. military, intelligence, or economic information. As both an intelligence and law enforcement agency, the FBI can address every facet of a cyber-case—from collecting intelligence on the subjects in order to learn more about their networks to dismantling those networks and prosecuting the individual perpetrators. The ability to take action on the information we collect is critical because what may begin as a criminal investigation may become a national security threat. In addition, the FBI’s presence in legal attachà ©s in 61 cities around the world assists in the critical exchange of case-related information and the situational awareness of current threats, helping to combat the global scale and scope of cyber breaches. The FBI is also changing to adapt to the ever-evolving technology and schemes used by cyber criminals. Intelligence now drives operations in the FBI. The Bureau is working in new ways with long-standing and new partners to address the cyber security threat. U.S. critical infrastructure faces a growing cyber threat due to advancements in the availability and sophistication of malicious software tools and the fact that new technologies raise new security issues that cannot always be addressed prior to adoption. The increasing automation of our critical infrastructures provides more cyber access points for adversaries to exploit. New â€Å"smart grid† and â€Å"smart home† products, designed to provide remote communication and control of devices in our homes, businesses, and critical infrastructures, must be developed and implemented in ways that will also provide protection from unauthorized use. Otherwise, each new device could become a doorway into our systems for adversaries to use for their own purposes. Industrial control systems, which operate the physical processes of the nation’s pipelines, railroads, and other critical infrastructures, are at elevated risk of cyber exploitation. The FBI is concerned about the proliferation of malicious techniques that could degrade, disrupt, or destroy critical infrastructure. Although likely only advanced threat actors are currently capable of employing these techniques, as we have seen with other malicious software tools, these capabilities will eventually be within reach of all threat actors. Intellectual property rights violations, including theft of trade secrets, digital piracy, and trafficking counterfeit goods, also represent high cybercriminal threats, resulting in losses of billions of dollars in profits annually. These threats also pose significant risk to U.S. public health and safety via counterfeit pharmaceuticals, electrical components, aircraft parts, and automobile parts. Cybercrime that manipulates the supply chain could pose a threat to national security interests and U.S. consumers. Poorly manufactured computer chips or chips that have been salvaged and repackaged infringe on intellectual property rights and could fail at critical times, posing a serious health and safety threat to U.S. citizens. Malware could be embedded on the chips to infiltrate information from computers and result in the theft of personally identifiable information (PII) that could then be used in future cybercrimes. As the quality of counterfeit goods increases, U.S. consumers may be challenged to tell the difference between authentic and fraudulent goods. Operation Cisco Raider is a joint initiative between the U.S. and Canada that targets the illegal distribution of counterfeit network hardware manufactured by private entities in China. The use of counterfeit network components can lead to exploitation of cyber infrastructure vulnerabilities and even network failure. Since 2006, Operation Cisco Raider has seized over 3,500 network components amounting to $3.5 million of Cisco retail products. Ten individuals have been convicted as a result of the joint initiative. (Snow, 2012) References Snow G M 20120412 TestimonySnow, G. M. (2012, April 12). Testimony. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from http://www.fbi.gov Sternstein A 2012 Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber ThreatsSternstein, A. (2012). Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber Threats. Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www.nextgov.com

Methods of Social Research

Methods of Social Research Methods of Research The correct choice of research methods to use in answering researcher set questions investigating a topic is one of the most crucial and vital elements to the successful conduct of a research exercise, (McNeill, 2005). While much attention can be paid to theory within the methodology employed by the researcher it is also critical to consider the actual research tools which back up the theoretical decisions made and provide the raw data against which the hypotheses of the research can betested. For much research the research tools will be a decisive factor in thesuccess or failure of the project. In many instances the choice of research tool is not assessed correctly with the result being data is generated which is of little or no use to the researcher, (Ruane, 2005). This occurs both due to the research method not suiting the particular needs of the researcher and the improper administering of the research method itself. For many,  choice of research tool is influenced however not by the objective needs of the research but by the ability and capabilities of the researcher in terms of time, cost or other related factors such as familiarity with the processes and techniques involved within specific sets of research tools. In this essay, we examine three research methods, show how they can be constructed in a holistic manner toachieve triangulation in relation to a research question and illustrate ethical concerns and the manner in which they can be resolved in the successful deployment of these research methods, (Somekh and Lewin, 2005). We discuss these methods as a process and thus relate our discussion to the manner in which theycan be integrated and successfully deployed. In this sense then we examine howfocus groups can provide insights into theoretical observations, how theseobservations can be explored within semi-structured interviews with a selectedsample and how these observations from interviews can be developed intogeneralised into hypotheses tested against larger samples through the use of questionnaires.However it should be noted that a critical element in deciding on whichmethodologies should be used in a research project and the relative strengthsand weaknesses of using those methodologies will depend to a large extent onthe specific circumstances involved in conducting the research, (Bryman, 2004). By this it ismeant that weaknesses for example within the conduct of questionnaire may infact be a positive element for certain projects and negative for othersdepending on the contextual basis for the research. We explore this and otherfeatures of research methods subsequently. Focus Groups Focus groups are atype of qualitative based research method based loosely on the generalprinciples which apply to interviews. However while interviews are generallyone-to-one situations involving a interviewer and interviewee relationshipfocus groups employ a one to many dichotomy, (Holloway and Jefferson, 2000). Indeedfocus groups resemble semi or unstructured interviews more particularly thanstructured interviews as one of the primary objectives of the researcher withinfocus group interviews is as a facilitator or moderator of group discussionbased on sets of general themes identified as being related to the research objectivesfor which the focus groups are being used to generate data, (Bloor et al, 2001).In particular focus groups are a very useful method to consider in theexploratory stages of research to help form ideas related to theoreticalobservations upon which later research can be based. While notoriginally a tool familiar to the social sciences focus group methodologieshave been long deployed and successful elements within business andspecifically marketing research. From these origins however their utility for socialscientific research has come to be recognised within many sections for specificinstances for which they are useful, (Fern, 2001). Focus groups havea number of advantages and disadvantages when applied towards collecting datain answering sets of research questions. Let us discuss the advantages of usingthis methodology to begin with. Perhaps a fundamental strength of focus groups istheir interactive nature when designed and implemented properly. In this mannerthe researcher can set general themes and topics and also ask specificquestions of the group related to the research topic by facilitatingintra-group discussion arising out of the topics mentioned by the moderator. Subsequentlyrecording and monitoring the discussions and interactions which occur withinthe group as the issues raised by the researcher are thrashed out can provide immenselyvaluable qualitative data and also critically have the possibility of offeringtheoretical insights or considerations missed by the researcher. In terms of aspecifically action research or ethnographic research outlook focus groups areeven more element as the interactive nature of focus groups allows the groupand its participants to actively engage with the research and even when plannedfor adequately by the researcher allow them to shape the outcomes and processesof the research itself, .(Czarniawska, 2004) Some of the keydisadvantages we can associate with the use of focus groups are internal groupdynamics, participant and interviewer bias and transcription related problemsin codifying and making the data generated amenable to analysis. However the primarydrawback to this method is related to the interactive nature discussed above inthat the researcher has much less control over the type and nature of datagenerated during the course of the research. Again as mentioned planning andgood moderating skills are essential in the use of this method, (Litosseliti, 2003). Internal groupdynamics can play a vital role in determining the success or failure of using focusgroups as a means of answering research questions. The specific disadvantagesbeing spoke of here include a common feature of socials groups wherebyindividual members of that group through personality and group dynamics come tolead and dominate discussions, (Vaughn, Shay, Sinagub, 1996).An interviewer needs to be aware of such situations and develop tactics andstrategies which are inclusive in terms of encouraging all of the individualswithin a group to participate as equally as possible in the discussion as it isbeing held. With larger groupsand to some extent even smaller groups as well due to possibilities of manypeople answering at the same time, especially in more animated discussions thenecessity of effective recording allowing for accurate transcription isessential. Bias can occur both in terms of the moderator and participants inthat moderator may lead the discussion too much in their desire to gatherrelevant data or otherwise colour the responses of participants who in turn maydesire to satisfy what they perceive to be the wishes of the moderator duringthe course of the discussion. Such considerations are not isolated to focusgroups and should be a common concern for any research exercise, (Morgan, 1997). Ethically similarsafeguards that are used in other types of research methods need to be employedwithin focus groups with some specific concerns. As with other types ofresearch informed consent needs to be adequately collected from theparticipants and in particular with focus groups if the topic is sensitive orcovers material of a private nature it must be remember that other people willbe present and thus the moderator must take further care in considering theethical implications of this feature, (Gregory, 2003). Semi-structured interviews If a researcherhas used a focus group in order to identity common themes and concerns associatedwith his or her choice of questions a useful follow on from focus groups can bethe use of more in depth and detailed semi structured interviews. Theinterviewees could perhaps be drawn from a representative sample from which thefocus group was composed. Semi structured interviews are a popular form of qualitativeresearch much relied upon within social scientific as well as otherdisciplinary investigations. The general purpose of such interviews is toexplore in details specific topics relevant to the interviewees knowledge andalso relevant to the research questions and objectives forming the focus of theresearch project, (Silveman, 2004). The normalstructure for such an interview is a one to one situation with an interviewereither having a list of some predetermined questions which are then used to branchfurther questions outwards during the conduct of the interview or alternativelythe interviewer is equipped with a set of general topics from which questionsare generated during the course of the interview. While not as interactive asfocus groups good semi-structured interviews are however in some way reliant onparticipant determination for the tenor and tone of the conduct of theinterview. This can be a principal strength of using this method in that it canbe a highly fruitful manner of exploring topics with which participants arefamiliar The advantages ofsemi structured interviews can be surmised under a number of headings. Thefirst of these is the opportunity it gives to both interviewer and intervieweeto explore in depth and detail the substantive issues for research within agiven project mentioned above. Not only though do semi-structured interviewsafford the opportunity to discuss themes in detail but the semi-structurednature also gives the interviewer freedom to dynamically adapt and respond tothe flow of the discussion as it occurs. In this sense the interviewer canexplore themes not suggested by the structure of the interview which wasoriginally planned; this is an important difference from structured interviewswhich lack this interviewer flexibility and freedom. A semi-structuredinterview can thus be said to allow for frank discussion, is a flexible and adaptivemeans as the interviewer and interviewee can respond and explore topics as theyoccur during the interview and as such can be a useful source of data for anyresearch project. Disadvantages withsemi-structured interviews again like those common to focus groups are thosewhich need to be taken account of with the use of any research method. Some ofthe main disadvantages we can associate with the use of semi structuredinterviews include participant bias, interviewer bias and the reliability ofany data generated during the course of the interview. Like focus groups theinterviewer needs to be aware of their responses and comments to theinterviewee so as not to colour or bias the responses given. Similarly aninterviewer needs to display a manner which does not indicate to theinterviewee preference supposed or otherwise for a particular set of responses.Reliability is a concern with qualitative research in general and aninterviewer needs to be cognisant of the type and form of data generated duringthe conduct of the interview. Ethically again similar principles which appliedto focus groups apply to semi-structured interviews in that the participants insuch interv iews give full informed consent to the interview taking place andthat confidentiality is ensured on the part of the interviewer in terms of anydata generated from the participant. Questionnaires Perhaps the mostfamiliar of research methods both to researchers and the general publicquestionnaires as part of a survey strategy have long held a dominant role inthe conduct of research projects, (Frazer Meredith, 2000). Questionnaires come in a variety of forms from postal, totelephone administered, to interviewer administered and so on but they are all characterisedon a reliance on a predetermined set of questions with predefined answers whichmake the data amenable to later statistical analysis either by hand or throughthe use of the many statistical computer programs which now exist. Questionnairesexcel at the testing of hypothesis concretely formed and outlined as well atgathering opinion based data from large samples, (McQueen, 2002). Questionnaires area form of quantitative research and thus they involve many statistical elementsin terms of carrying out research using them. Some of the fundamental concernswith using questionnaires include the need for sampling, ensuring effectiveresponses and a high response rate. In turn these three elements are related tothe principal advantages and disadvantages of using this method, (Oppenhiem,1992). Or in other words the success or failure and the degree to these for aparticular questionnaire is determined to a large extent by the successfulsampling of a target group and having a well-designed questionnaire with clearinstructions for participants in order to ensure correct responses and a highnumber of responses from the sample. The primary advantageof using a questionnaire lies in the amount of data which can be collectingallowing for varying degrees and sophistication in statistical analyses whichcan be performed on the data, (Gillham, 2000). The primary disadvantage ofusing questionnaires is the inverse of this strength in statistical termsrelated to the rigid and inflexible way in which data must be collected in thatthe researcher is unable to benefit from any interactivity in the research andeven when the questionnaire is interviewer administered there is a rigidity tothe questionnaire format which must be adhered to, (Houtkoop-Steenstra, 2000). Questionnaires in terms of the triangulation discussed above couldusefully be deployed in order to test hypothesis generated from theexplorations and conclusions reached during the use of focus groups. Conclusion As can be gatheredfrom our discussion then all of the research methods we have discussed are possessedof both positive and negative aspects in the case of their deployment in orderto answer research questions set by the researcher. It is argued that perhapsthe best means in which to consider the use of any of these research methods isto see them as part of a cyclical process related to the triangulation ofcertain research objectives, (yen, 1990). It can be arguedthat by using a combinational method then in the approach of constructing aresearch methodology has the benefit of playing various research methodsagainst each other, by this it is meant that certain methods will be strongothers weak and that a combinational approach will allow for the strongestpossible methodology to emerge and thus have the best chance of generatinguseful data for the research questions at hand, (Gorard and Taylor, 2004). However asmentioned in some of the limitations we discussed previously with regards tothe methods each of these particular methods require certain skills of the researcherfor them to be truly effective methods. Thus projects which would seek to useall of these methods as well as possible others would need to draw upon skilledresearchers in terms of their ability to conduct quantitative and qualitativeresearch in equal measure. Similarly using a combinational method increases therange of ethical considerations for the researcher with the possibility ofthere being a complex network of ethical issues that need to be resolvedcontinuously across the range of research methods used in the project (deMarrais Lapan 2004). Similarly for acombinational method to be effective as well as the use of any of these methodssolely also a strong methodology in terms of a plan for the research and itsconduct will need to be in place in order to generate truly relevant data forthe research questions which the researcher wishes to investigate, (Andrews,2003). In conclusion the organisation of research methods in terms of their deploymentis the most critical determinant of the success of the researcher in gathering datawhich will be of use in their subsequent and later analysis based on theresearch questions they have tasked themselves with answering. Organisation it canthus be argued is one of the principal determinants of whether the selection ofany research methods will be successful in collecting relevant and valuabledata for that project, (Ragin, 1994). References Andrews, R.J.(2003) Research Questions, Continuum, London Bloor, M. et al (2001) Focus Group inSocial Research, SAGE Publications, London. Bryman, A. (2004) SocialResearch Methods, Oxford University Press, Oxford Czarniawska, B.(2004) Narratives in Social Science Research, Sage, London deMarrais,K. Lapan, S.D. (2004) Foundations for Research: Methods of Inquiry inEducation and the Social Science, Mahwah, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates. Fern,E.E. (2001) Advanced Focus Group Research, SAGE, US. Frazer,L. Meredith, L. (2000) Questionnaire Design Administration : aPractical Guide, John Wiley, London. Gillham,B. (2000) Developing a Questionnaire, Continuum, London. Gorard, S. andTaylor, C. (2004) Combining Methods in Educational and Social Research,Open University Press, Maidenhead Hollway,W. Jefferson, T.(2000) Doing Qualitative Research Differently: FreeAssociation, Narrative and Interview, SAGE, London. Houtkoop-Steenstra,H. (2000) Interaction and the Standardized Survey Interview: the LivingQuestionnaire, Cambridge University Press, UK. Litosseliti,L. (2003) Using Focus Groups in Research, Continuum, London. Gregory, I. (2003)Ethics in Research, Continuum, London McNeill, P. (2005)Research Methods 3rd Edition, Routledge, London McQueen, R. (2002)Research Methods for Social Science, Prentice Hall, Harlow Morgan,D. L. (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research 2nd edition,Sage Publications, US. Oppenheim,A. N. (1992) Questionnaire Design, Interviewing, and Attitude Measurement,Pinter Publishers, New York. yen,E. (1990) Comparative Methodology: Theory and Practice in InternationalSocial Research, Newbury Park, London. Ragin,C.C. (1994) Constructing Social Research: the Unity and Diversity of Method,Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press, US. Ruane, J.M. (2005)Essentials of Research Methods, Blackwell Publications, Malden MASS Silveman,D. (2004) Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice, SAGE,London. Somekh, B. andLewin, C. (2005) Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Sage,London Vaughn,S., Shay, J. Sinagub, S.J. (1996) Focus Group Interview in Educationand Psychology, SAGE, US.

Simulation-supported Wargaming in MNE 4 :: essays research papers

Simulation-supported Wargaming in MNE 4 1. Introduction The objective of this document is to emphasize the importance of simulation as a measure of complexity reduction and planner’s tool for decision support in MNE 4’s Effects-Based Planning (EBP) process. Starting with an overview of the underlying principles of Wargaming and Modeling and Simulation (M&S), the outcome of this abstract is a ‘Process for the application of simulation to support Wargaming in MNE 4’. This document may also serve as a basis for MNE 4 design and execution decision-makers in order to determine the value of simulation as a wargaming tool for MNE 4. 2. The Art of Wargaming Wargaming and Course-of-Action Analysis are approved instruments of military planning in order to determine the feasibility and validity of military options and plans. Traditionally wargaming was conducted by exposing Blue military options to the challenges of Red Team’s counter-actions just using people’s brain, pen and paper. Today, the complexity of the battlefield has experienced significant increases due to the challenges of asymmetric menaces after the end of the Cold War. The concept of Effects-Based Operations (EBO) tries to embrace these new conditions based on ambitious processes like Knowledge Base Development (KBD). Furthermore, military planning and operation execution have to cope not only with a highly complex and dynamic adversary’s system conducting asymmetric operations, but also with great challenges on the Blue side, such as the coordination and interaction of multiple coalition partners and different agencies and organizations in a non-linear battlespace. Experiences from recent months and years have undoubtedly proven that EBO cannot be successfully conducted without adequate support by IT tools. Especially the various wargaming activities within EBP cannot be properly accomplished by just using traditional measures. Military planners desperately need automated tools in order to handle data masses, multi-dimensional and dynamic interrelations within the adversary’s system and own (blue) forces and instruments. 3. Simulation as an Analysis Method Basically, there are two major approaches for answering optimization questions: the analytical approach and the numerical approach. As the analytic approach tries to exactly calculate results considering the objective function, limitation variables and all other relevant factors, the numerical approach allows only for approximate results often using iterative or even heuristic processes. Nevertheless, numerical methods have a far more practical weight (see Reference 3) since in opposition to the analytical methods they can handle complex systems with great varieties of variables. Simulation is one of a whole set of numerical methods and additionally, it comprises another major advantage especially useful for wargaming problems: it models dynamics.

A Diverse Workforce Essay

1.1: 3 organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce In this era of economic globalization, many companies are making efforts to achieve workforce diversity, which aims to employ workers from different backgrounds to provide tangible and intangible benefits to the organization. Understanding the advantages of workforce diversity helps an organization to establish with a competitive edge. This can include employing workers with cultural and language skills that can lead to greater reach for the business. 3 organisation benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce 1: Increase in Productivity Workforce diversity can bring about an increase in productivity and competitive advantages. Employers can offer more solutions to customers because of new ideas and processes brought into the organization. Workplace diversity increases employee morale and causes employees to desire to work more effectively and efficiently. 2: Increase in Creativity Workforce diversity increases creativity within a company because people coming from many cultures can give many ideas and their own experience. Employees from different backgrounds bring in a variety of solutions on how to achieve a common goal. In atmospheres when brainstorming is necessary, more ideas are formed because team members are culturally diverse. For example, employees from China working in American companies may approach a problem totally differently than do American workers. 3: Positive Reputation Job seekers are drawn to companies with diverse workforces because it is evident that the companies do not practice employment discrimination. Potential employees would want to know that employers treat their staff fairly regardless of race, ethnicity or gender. Not only are such firms able to attract new talent but they can also retain existing talent because of high employee morale resulting from workforce diversity. 1.2: 4 factors that affect an organisation’s approach to attracting talent 1: Selecting choice of advertisement: this is a wide area to attract new recruits by posting adverts in professional recruitment agencies like Berkley Scott or Reed. 2: Company branding and the state of business: many companies show income statement on the Internet and their mission plan for the next few years, which mainly includes quality plans for employees. 3: Learning and Development: nowadays companies like The Doyle Collection or McDonald’s are involved in many apprenticeships programme and they are encouraging by funding people in any age to go for degree or to take up professional qualifications. 4: Type of role: many employers reduces the roles within an organization and they are creating the job portfolio roles e.g. Payroll with accounts assisting, which is more paid and it is more motivating for individuals. 1.3: 3 factors that affect an organisation’s approach to recruitment and selection: Proactive human resource professionals understand the various internal and external factors influencing recruitment. When conditions change in the marketplace, the company needs to monitor these changes to determine how it affects the talent pool. The company also needs to analyze internal functions to see what helps and hinders effective recruitment. 1.Personnel Utilization: A company can avoid having to hire new employees by monitoring the skill sets of existing employees. For example, if you are opening a new sales division that focuses on a new family of products, then you may be able to utilize your current sales staff to provide the startup sales professionals the new group will need. The success of the new department will necessitate the need for recruiting outside representatives at some point in the future, but you can save on startup costs by utilizing existing personnel. 2.Outsourcing: The concept of outsourcing activities that are not a company’s core competency is an internal business practice that affects recruiting. For example, a food processing company would hire an outside IT firm to install and administer the company’s computer network because computers are not the food processing company’s core competency. When companies outsource, that reduces the need for recruiting new employees. The human resources department will have to shift resources away from recruiting for the outsourced functions, and focus on supplying employment candidates for the company’s core business units. 3: Competition: Companies within the same industry are competing for qualified candidates to ensure future growth. There is competition in the recruiting end of your business just as there is in selling products. You need to analyze what your competition is offering new employees, and try to develop a competitive package to lure in the talent that you need. 2.1 Describe the benefits of at least 3 different recruitment methods 1: Internal Recruitment: benefit is cheaper and quicker to recruit. People are already familiar with the business and how it operates. It can be motivating as it provides opportunities for promotion with in the business. Organization is already aware of the strength and weaknesses of candidates. Easy to pick up the best talents within an organization. It builds a long relationship with employees. 2: External Recruitment: The benefit is the outside people bring in new ideas. You get a larger pool of workers from which you can select the best candidate. Candidates will have a wider range of experience. Uniqueness in employees worked for different companies can take the company to an extra mile. 3: Third-Party Sourcing: Third party sourcing involves using a placement agency or headhunter to find qualified job candidates. These third-party sources use various techniques and tools to find appropriate job applicants, such as extending offers of improved sala ry compensation and more flexible benefits packages. 1.3: benefits of at least 3 different selection methods. 1.Lower employee turnover rate. 2.Picking the right employee from the start saves time and money. 3.Positions are staffed with competent employees. 4.1: 3 purposes of induction and how they benefit individuals and organisations. 1.It is a process of bringing/introducing/familiarizing a new recruit into the organization. 2. Company orientation i.e. showing how the employee fits into the team and how their role fits with the organization’s strategy and goals. 3. Details of the organization’s history, its culture and values, and its products and services. Benefits for individuals: The employee will feel welcomed into the organization, be respected and be made to feel more comfortable in the workplace. An individual will also find it easier to integrate into the workplace. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ New employee will feel that they made the right decision to join a particular organization. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ A good induction programme will help to build the new employee’s self-esteem, morale and sense of motivation. An induction programme will establish good communication between the manager or the supervisor and the new employee from the very beginning. Benefits for the organization: Increase productivity; Reduce wastage through correct material utilization; Reduce incidents & accident 4.2 The Bristol Hotel New Employee Induction Plan Friday 30/09/10 Time Areas Covered Action Required By Whom 9.00 – 10.30 Welcome and Introductions Introduce Line manager and colleagues. Welcome and introduction to the department. i.e. direct reports, rosters, procedures and service standards. HR Manager, Line Manager 10.30-10.45 COFFEE BREAK 10.45-12.30 Walk the property Fire Drill procedure explained. Employee is aware of meeting point in event of a fire. Employee is aware of location of all fire exits. Knowledge of nearest fire fighting equipment to work area and explanation of colour coding Director Operations 12.30-13.00 LUNCH BREAK 13.00-14.00 Health & Safety Policy Health and safety requirements explained. Introduction to First Aider and Health and Safety representatives. Lifting techniques explained. Safety equipment issued. Health & Safety Officer 14.00-15.00 Administration Issue of employee handbook. Conditions of employment explained. Confirmation of when full employment would begin, i.e. probationary period ends. Pay rates, periods, absence pay and reporting policy. Grievance procedure explained. Employee records completed. Bank details form completed. Driving licence checked. Start letter, P45 to payroll HR Manager 15.00-15.30 COFFEE BREAK 15.30-16.30 Catch up Taking feedback on department, comfortability GM, Director Operations